«Чреватое время»: мессианская перформативность движений «Матери площади Мая» и «15-М»
Ключевые слова:
время, движение «15-М», Джорджио Агамбен, «Матери площади Мая», мессианство
Аннотация
В международном научном сообществе уже некоторое время обсуждаются онтологические возможности транснациональных общественных движений. Представленная статья обращается к этой теме, рассматривая, как два известных общественных движения (ре)конструировали время в качестве онтологической категории в своих перформативных практиках и публичных убеждениях. Опираясь на работу Джорджио Агамбена о мессианском времени, статья исследует, как два общественных движения — «Матери площади Мая» (Madres de Plaza de Mayo) и испанское «15-М» (также известное как Indignados) — пытались восстановить будто бы утерянную субъективность их членов, отказываясь действовать согласно линейным концепциям времени. Оба движения попытались завладеть временем и вернуть себе политическую индивидуальность за счет особой пространственной и временной перформативности. Представленный ниже текст описывает, каким образом эти движения, возникшие в особенно травматических исторических ситуациях, воплощают нелинейное мессианское понимание времени.
В статье также обосновывается, что эти движения осуществляют такое нелинейное понимание времени с помощью разных мессианских ресурсов, а именно особой перформативности времени и пространства.
Литература
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Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Agamben, Giorgio (2005). Time that Remains: A Commentary on the Letter to the Romans.
Trans. Patricia Dailey. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Agamben, Giorgio (2007). Profanations. Trans. Jeff Fort. New York: Zone Books.
Beas, Diego (2011). “How Spain’s 15-M Movement Is Redefining Politics.” The Guardian, October 15. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/15/spain-15-m- movement-activism.
Bell, Duncan (2010). Memory, Trauma and World Politics: Reflections on the Relationship between Past and Present. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Benjamin, Walter (2003). Selected Writings, Vol. 4: 1938–1940. Ed. Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press.
Bosco, Fernando (2006). “The Madres de Plaza de Mayo and Three Decades of Human Rights Activism.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 96: 342–365. Brucato, Ben (2011). “The Crisis and a Way Forward: What We Can Learn from Occupy Wall Street.” Humanity & Society 38.1: 76–84.
Caruth, Cathy (1996). Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative and History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Della Porta, Donatella, and Mario Diani (2006). Social Movements: An Introduction. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell.
Democracia Real YA! (2011). “Manifesto.” http://www.democraciarealya.es/manifies- to-comun/manifesto-english.
Elliot, Justin (2011). “Judith Butler at Occupy Wall Street.” Salon, October 24. http:// www.salon.com/2011/10/24/judith_butler_at_occupy_wall_street.
Edkins, Jenny (2003). Trauma and the Memory of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press.
Edkins, Jenny (2008). “Time, Personhood, Politics.” Paper presented at the Internation- al Studies Association Conference, San Francisco, USA, March 2008.
Foucault, Michel (2007). Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the College de France, 1977–1978. Ed. Michel Senellart. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fraser, Nancy (1990). “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy.” Social Text 25–26: 56–80.
Gordillo, Gaston (2011). “Occupy Wall Street as a Node of Resonance.” Space and Poli- tics, November 14. http://spaceandpolitics.blogspot.pt/2011/11/occupy-wall- street-as-node-of-resonance_14.html.
Graeber, David (2012). “Occupy’s Liberation from Liberalism: The Real Meaning of May Day.” The Guardian, May 7. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifameri- ca/2012/may/07/occupy-liberation-from-liberalism.
Jelin, Elizabeth (1994). “The Politics of Memory: The Human Rights Movements and the Construction of Democracy in Argentina.” Latin-America Perspectives 21: 38–58.
Kaldor, Mary, Sabine Selchow, Sean Deel, and Tamsin Murray-Leach (2012). “The ‘Bub- bling-Up’ of Subterranean Politics in Europe.” Civil Society and Human Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. http:// eprints.lse.ac.uk/44873.
Klein, Naomi (2011). “Occupy Wall Street: The Most Important Thing in the World Right Now.” The Nation, October 6. http://www.thenation.com/article/163844/ occupy-wall-street-most-important-thing-world-now#.
Lowenstein, Roger (2011). “Occupy Wall Street: It’s Not a Hippie Thing.” Bloomberg Business Week Magazine, October 27. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/ occupy-wall-street-its-not-a-hippie-thing-10272011.html.
Negri, Antonio (2012). “The Sacred Dilemma of Inoperosity: On Giorgio Agamben’s Opus Dei.” Trans. Jason Francis McGimsey. Radio UniNomade. http://www.unino- made.org/negri-on-agamben-opus-dei/.
Nyong’o, Tavia (2012). “The Scene of Occupation.” The Drama Review 56: 136–149.
Ojakangas, Mika (2010). “On the Pauline Roots of Biopolitics: Apostle Paul in Company with Foucault and Agamben.” Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory 11.1: 92– 110.
Passavant, Paul (2007). “The Contradictory State of Giorgio Agamben.” Political Theory 35: 147–174.
Prozorov, Sergei (2009). “Giorgio Agamben and the End of History: Inoperative Praxis and the End of the Dialectic.” European Journal of Social Theory 12: 523–542.
Rushkoff, Douglas (2011). “Think Occupy Wall St. Is a Phase? You Don’t Get It.” CNN International Edition, October 5. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/10/05/opinion/ rushkoff-occupy-wall-street.
Safa, Helen (1990). “Women’s Social Movements in Latin-America.” Gender and Society 4: 354–369.
Tahroor, Ishaan (2011). “From Europe with Love: US ‘Indignados’ Occupy Wall Street.” Time Magazine, October 5. http://world.time.com/2011/10/05/from-europe-with- love-the-u-s-indignados-have-arrived.
Thomassen, Lasse, and Marina Prentoulis (2012). “The Death of the Indignados Move- ment.” OpenDemocracy, May 28. http://www.opendemocracy.net/lasse-thomas- sen-marina-prentoulis/death-of-indignados-movement.
“The Price of Love” (2011). The Economist, November 26. http://www.economist.com/node/21540214.
Zizek, Slavoj (2011). “Occupy First. Demands Come Latter.” The Guardian, October 26. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/26/occupy-protesters-bill-clinton.
Опубликован
2014-06-25
Как цитировать
Ferreira, M. (2014). «Чреватое время»: мессианская перформативность движений «Матери площади Мая» и «15-М». Stasis, 2(1). извлечено от https://stasisjournal.net/index.php/journal/article/view/65
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