Переосмысляя катехон: к политической теологии ядерной эпохи
Аннотация
Поиск ответа на угрозу ядерной войны — одна из актуальных задач политической теологии. Несмотря на остроту проблемы, до сих пор она либо игнорировалась, либо рассматривалась через несоразмерные вызовам эпохи политико-теологические подходы: теории справедливой войны не способны учесть логику ядерной стратегии, радикальный пацифизм не предлагает реалистичных путей разоружения, апокалиптизм и мессианизм рискуют обернуться принятием катастрофы. Необходима концепция, которая позволит интегрировать в политическую теологию идею безусловного предотвращения ядерной войны. Мы предполагаем, что на эту роль лучше всего подходит понятие катехона. Вместе с тем разработка катехонического подхода к ядерному оружию также требует определенного расширения устоявшихся концептуальных рамок, так как существует несколько разрывов между сложившимися традициями истолкования катехона и реалиями ядерного миропорядка: принято считать, что катехон сдерживает триумф антихриста в преддверии апокалипсиса, а возможная ядерная катастрофа вызывает ассоциации скорее с самим апокалипсисом; катехон часто видят в отдельных государствах или правителях, но предотвращение ядерной войны требует универсалистской политики; политико-теологические интерпретации катехона почти всегда связывают его с властью и применением силы, однако ядерная угроза может быть устранена только ненасильственным путем. Возможность необходимой реинтерпретации иллюстрируется нами через имманентную критику работы Рене Жирара «Завершить Клаузевица», которая позволяет осмыслить катехон не как насильственный полюс антиномии «принуждение — легитимность», но как саму эту антиномию. Поэтому в политическом плане выражением катехона оказывается антиномическое «двойное представительство» — сосуществование «мирской» (принуждение) и «духовной» (легитимность) властей без иерархического подчинения одной из них — другой. Такая политико-теологическая модель, будучи исходно реализована на национальном уровне, имеет шанс затем открыть путь к политическому единству мира, необходимому для предотвращения глобальной катастрофы.
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Опубликован
2023-12-31
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Учаев, Е., & Николаев, И. (2023). Переосмысляя катехон: к политической теологии ядерной эпохи. Stasis, 11(1-2). извлечено от https://stasisjournal.net/index.php/journal/article/view/244
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