«Философия социал-дарвинизма... она не устарела»: консервативная критика либерального «социал-дарвинизма» (2000-е годы)
Ключевые слова:
Социал-дарвинизм, социал-расизм, консерватизм, либерализм, Россия, Сергей Кара-Мурза, Александр Панарин, Захар Прилепин
Аннотация
Статья посвящена идейному и риторическому репертуару антисоциал-дарвинистской консервативной критики. Позаимствовав из советского пропагандистского языка идеологически и эмоционально заряженное понятие «социал- дарвинизм», российские консерваторы активно использовали его для концептуализации политико-экономических реформ 1990-х годов и их последствий. С точки зрения автора, усвоенное консерваторами из марксистской традиции представление о мальтузианском субстрате классического социал-дарвинизма, позволявшее сближать последний с идеологией свободного рынка, на рубеже 1990–2000-х помещается в новые контексты, заданные, с одной стороны, распадом СССР, а с другой, процессами глобализации. В статье показано, как критика современного социал-дарвинизма становится языком обсуждения глобального и локального неравенства, влияет на травматический модус консервативного нарратива о «катастрофе 1990-х» и популистскую консервативную стилистику 2000–2010-х годов.
Литература
Alymov, Sergei (2018). “Aktivizatsiya ‘chelovecheskogo faktora’: ‘zastoyniye korni neoliberalnoy subyektivnosti?” [Activating ‘the Human Factor’: are Those the ‘Stagnant’ Roots of Neoliberal Subjectivity?]. Аntropologicheskiy forum. Vol. 37: 53–92.
Arendt, Hannah (2017). The Origins of Totalitarism. London: Penguin Books.
Аvеn, Pyotr (2008). “Sochineniye po motivam romana” [Essay afer a novel]. Russkiy pioner, 15 October, 2008.
https://zaharprilepin.ru/ru/pressa/aven-protiv-prilepina/russkij-pioner-petr-aven.html
Bagdasaryan, Vardan (2019). “Liberal-ontologiya i liberal-antropologiya” [Liberal Ontology and Liberal Anthropology] Izborskiy klub. Vol. 7: 74–83.
Bannister, Robert C. (1979). Social Darwinism. Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Bessonov, Boris (1987). “Opasnost neofashizma” [The Danger of Neofascism]. Nauchniy kommunizm. Vol. 89.5: 94–103.
Bikbov, Alexander (2014). Grammatika poryadka: Istoricheskaya sotsiologiya ponyatiy, kotoriye menyayut nashu realnost [The Grammar of the Order: A Historical Sociology of the Concepts which Change Our Reality]. Мoscow: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly economiki.
Brown, Wendy (2015). Undoing the Demos. Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. New York: Zone Books.
“‘Chelovek s rublyom’: kniga, kotoriyu ne pisal Khodorkovskiy” [The Man with the Rouble: The Book Khodorkovskiy Did not Write] (2018). https://openuni.io/course/3/lesson/11/material/394/
Chetverikova, Olga (2013). “Diktatura ‘prosveshchennykh’. O dukovnykh kornyakh i tselyakh transgumanizma.” [The Dictatorship of the ‘Enlightened’. On the Spiritual Roots and Goals of Transhumanism]. Parts 3-4. Informatsionno-analiticheskaya sluzhba “Russkaya narodnaya liniya”. https://ruskline.ru/analitika/2013/10/24/ diktatura_prosvewyonnyh/
Clark, Linda L. (1984). Social Darwinism in France. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Danilevskiy, Nikolay (1885). Darvinizm. Kriticheskoye issledovaniye. [Darwinism. Crit- ical Study]. Vol. 1. Part 2. Saint Petersburg: M.E. Komarov.
Degler, Karl N. (1991). In Search of Human Nature. The Decline and Revival of Darwinism in American Social Thought. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Delyagin, Mikhail (2019). Svetochi tmi. Fiziologiya liberalnogo klana: ot Gaidara i Berezovskogo do Sobchak i Navalnogo. [The Beacons of Darkness. The Physiology of the Liberal Clan: from Gaydar and Berezovsky to Sobchak and Navalny] Мoscow: Institut problem globalizatsii, Knizhniy mir.
Dolnik, Viktor (2009). Neposlushnoye ditya biosfery: Besedy o cheloveke v kompanii ptits i zverey. [The Disobedent Child of the Biosphere: Conversations about the Human in the Company of Birds and Beasts] Saint Petersburg: Petroglif.
Dyukov, Alexander (2016). “‘Sobachye serdtse’, ili Koe-chto o fashizatsiyi soznaniya”. [‘Heart of a Dog’, or Something about the Fascization of Consciousness]. Webpage, “Sotsialniy kompas”. http://www.socialcompas.com/2016/05/17/sobache-serd- tse-ili-koe-chto-o-fashizatsii-soznaniya/
Dzhagalov, Rossen (2011). “Antipopulizm postsotsialisticheskoy intelligentsii” [The Anti-populism of Post-socialist Intelligentsiya]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 1: 134–153.
Editorial team of the “Zavtra” newspaper (2019). “Sergeyu Kara-Murze – 80” [Sergey Kara-Murza turns 80]. “Zavtra” newspaper website. 23 January. https://zavtra.ru/events/sergeyu_kara-murze_80
Engels, Friedrich (1936). “Engels and Darwin – Letter to Lavrov”. Labour Monthly, July 1936: 437-442.
Engström, Maria (2018). «Against the New Middle Ages: Imperial Remodernism in Contemporary Russian Visual Culture». Идеология и политика / Iдеологiя i полiтика / The Ideology and Politics Journal. Vol. 9.1: 135–153.
Fursov, Andrey (2018). “Vodorazdel. Neoburzhuaziya, ili Vsadniki kapitalisticheskogo apokalipsisa” [Watershed. Neobourgeoisie, or the Riders of the Capitalist Apocalypse]. Personal blog of A. Fursov on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. https://zavtra. ru/blogs/vodorazdel_neoburzhuaziya_ili_vsadniki_kapitalisticheskogo_apokalipsisa
Hawkins, Mike (1997). Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (2004). «Social Darwinism in Anglophone Academic Journals: A Contribution to the History of the Term». Journal of Historical Sociology. Vol. 17.4: 428–463.
Hofstadter, Richard (1955). Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915. Boston: Beacon Press.
Hollitscher, Walter (1970) Aggression im Menschenbild Marx, Freud, Lorenz Frankfurt/Main: Marxistische Blätter.
Howell, Yvonne (2010). «The Liberal Gene: Sociobiology as Emancipatory Discourse in the Late Soviet Union». Slavic Review. Vol. 69.2: 356–376.
Gelman, Moisey (2000). “Privatizatsiya i razvitiye banditskogo kapitalizma v Rossii” [Privatization and the Development of Criminal Capitalism in Russia]. Promyshlenniye vedomosti, December. https://www.promved.ru/book/?id=79
Gutsko, Denis (2008). “Imitatsiya spravedlivosti” [An Imitation of Justice”]. Ogonyok. Vol. 47: 12.
Ideologiya darvinizma i yeyo vozdeystviye na nauku, obrazovaniye i obshchestvo [The Ideology of Darwinism and Its Effect on Science, Education and Society] (2010). International conference proceedings, ed. S. Golovin. Simferopol: DIAYPI.
Ignatyev, Viktor (1984). Мarksistsko-leninskoye ucheniye o cheloveke i kritika metodologii sovremennogo sotsialbiologizma. PhD dissertation. Мoscow: Institut filosofii AN SSSR.
Ilyukhin, Viktor (2007). Оtkrovenniy razgovor s Rossiyey [A Frank Conversation with Russia]. Мoscow: [b. i.].
Interview with Anatoliy Chubais in talk-show “Pozner” (2008). https://www.rusnano.com/about/press-centre/first-person/76133
Ivanov, Yuriy (2016). “Darvinizm kak ideologiya fashizma” [Darwinism as the Ideology of Fascism]. Personal blog of Y. Ivanov on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. https://zavtra.ru/blogs/darvinizm_kak_ideologiya_fashizma
Kalinin, Ilya (2017). “O tom, kak nekulturnoye gosudarstvo obygralo kulturnuyu oppozitsiyu na yeyo zhe pole, ili Pochemu ‘dve Rossii’ menshe, chem ‘yedinaya Rossiya’” [On how the Non-cultural Defeated the Cultural Opposition on its Own Field, or Why ‘Two Russias’ are Less than ‘United Russia’]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 4: 261–282.
Kapustin, Boris (1996). “Leviy konservatizm KPRF” [Left Conservatism of the CPRF]. Nezavisimaya gazeta, March, issue 5: 5.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2002). Yevrotsentrizm – edipov kompleks intelligentsii [Eurocentrism is the Oedipal Complex of Intelligentsia] Мoscow: Аlgoritm.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2005). Manipulyatsiya soznaniyem. [Manipulating Consciousness]. Moscow: Eksmo.
Kara-Murza, Sergey, Sergey Batchikov (2006). Neoliberalnaya reforma v Rossii [Neoliberal Reform in Russia]. http://www.kara-murza.ru/referat/Neoliberal/dokladRus003.html
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2007). Demontazh naroda [Dismantling the Nation]. Moscow: Algoritm.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2008). Sovetskaya tsivilizatsiya: ot nachala do nashikh dney [Soviet Civilization: From the Beginning to Our Time]. Moscow: Algoritm.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2014). Mezhdu ideologiyey i naukoy [Between Ideology and Sci- ence]. Moscow: Nauchniy ekspert.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2016). “Sotsialniy rasizm i rusofobiya” [Classicm and Russophobia]. In Krepostnaya Rossiya. Murost naroda ili proizvol vlasti? [Serf Russia: Popular Wisdom or Arbitrary Power]. Moscow: Algoritm.
Karimskiy, Anur (1984). Sotsialniy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost [Social Biologism: Nature and Ideological Direction]. Moscow: Mysl.
Karpinskaya, Regina, Sergei Nikolskiy (1988). Sotsiobiologiya. Kriticheskiy analiz. [Sociobiology. Critical Analysis]. Мoscow: Mysl.
Katasonov, Valentin (2017). Lzheproroki poslednikh vremyon. Darvinizm i nauka kak religiya. [False Prophets of the End Times. Darwinism and Science as Religion]. Мoscow: ID “Kislorod”.
Kaye, Howard L. (1986). The Social Meaning of Modern Biology. From Social Darwinism to Sociobiology. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kelly, Alfred H. (1981). The Descent of Darwin: The Popularization of Darwinism in Germany, 1860–1914. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Khodorkovskiy, Mikhail, Leonid Nevzlin (1992). Chelovek s rublyom [The Man with the Rouble]. Мoscow: Menatep-Inform.
Kobylin, Igor (2017). “‘Provintsializatsiya’ revolutsii: tsivilizatsionniy podkhod na postkolonialnom povorote” [The ‘Provincializtion’ of Revolution: a Civilizational
Approach at the Postcolonial Turn]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 115.5: 97–111. Kolchinskiy, Eduard (2014). Yedinstvo evolutsionniy teorii v razdelyonnom mire XX veka [The Unity of Evolutionary Theory in the Divided World of the XX Century]. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.
Kolobrodov, Alexey (2015). Zakhar [Zakhar]. Мoscow: Redaktsiya Eleny Shubinoy. Krementsov, Nikolai (2010). «Darwinism, Marxism, and Genetics in the Soviet Union». Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins. Ed. by D. Alexander and R.L. Numbers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 215–246.
Krementsov, Nikolai (2011). «From “Beastly Philosophy” to Medical Genetics: Eugenics in Russia and the Soviet Union». Annals of Science. Vol. 68.1: 61–92.
Kritika ideologii neofashizma [A Critique of the Ideology of Neofascism] (1976). Ed. E. D. Modrzhinskaya. Мoscow: Мysl.
Kurennoy, Vitaliy (2008). “Nezaklyuchenniy obshchestvenniy dogovor. Aven vs. Prilepin kak simptom nezakonchennoy grazhdanskoy voyny” [An Unmade Social Contract. Aven vs. Prilepin as a Symptom of Unfinished Civil War]. Site “Chastniy korrespondent”. http://www.chaskor.ru/article/nezaklyuchennyj_obshchestvennyj_dogovor_1252
Leonard, Thomas C. (2009). «Origins of the Myth of Social Darwinism: The Ambiguous Legacy of Richard Hofstadter’s Social Darwinism in American Thought». Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Vol 71: 37–51.
Lewontin, Richard C., Rose, Steve, Kamin, Leon J. (1984). Not in Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. New York: Pantheon Books.
Limonov, Eduard (2003). Russkoye psikho [Russuan psycho]. Yekaterinburg: Ultra-Kultura.
Limonov, Eduard (2013). “Kseniya Sobchak prezirayet bednykh” [Kseniya Sobchak Despises the Poor].
https://newsland.com/user/4295039020/content/eduard-limonov-kseniia-sobchak-preziraet-bednykh/4516195
Lipovetskiy, Маrk (2012). “Politicheskaya Motorika Zakhara Prilepina” [The Political Motorics of Zakhar Prilenpin]. Znamya. Vol 10: 167–183.
Lipovetskiy, Mark (2018). “Psevdomorfoza: Reaktsionniy postmodernizm kak problema” [Pseudomorphosis: Reactionary Postmodernism as a Problmem.] Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye 151.3: 223–245.
Magun, Artemiy (2010). “Perestroyka kak konservativnaya revolutsiya?” [The Perestroika as a Conservative Revolution?]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 74.6: 231–249.
Malinova, Olga (2017). “Konstruirovaniye ‘liberalizma v postsovetskoy Rossii. Nasle- diye 1990-kh v ideologicheskikh bitvan 2000-kh” [Constructing ‘Liberalism’ in Post-Soviet Russia. The Legacy of the 1990s in the Ideological Battles of the 2000s]. Politiya. Vol. 84.1: 6–28.
Mannheim, Karl (1954). Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., Inc.; London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Mantikov, Bagauddin (2012). “Konservatizm v postsovetskoy Rossii: mezhdu nostalgiyey i utopiyey” [Conservatism in Post-Soviet Russia: Between Nostalgia and Utopia] Politiya. Vol. 64.1: 33–54.
Martyshin, Dionisiy Archprsb. (2010). “Vybor puti: Russkiy mir ili dzhungli sotsial-darvinizma” [Choice of the Path: The Russian World or the Jungle of Social Darwinism]. Informatsionno-analiticheskaya sluzhba “Russkaya narodnaya liniya”. http://ruskline.ru/analitika/2010/02/25/vybor_puti_russkij_mir_ili_dzhungli_socialdarvinizma/
Matveyev, Ilya (2014). “‘Dve Rossii”: kulturnaya voyna i konstruirovaniye ‘naroda’ v khode protestov 2011–2013 godov». [‘Two Russias’: the Cultural War and the Construction of the ‘Public’ in the Course of the Protests between 2011-2013]. In Politika apolitichnykh: grazhdanskiye dvizeniya v Rossii 2011-2013 godov. [Politics of the Apolitical: Civil Movements in Russia Around 2011-2013]. Ed. S. Yerpyleva, A. Magun. Мoscow: Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye: 292–310.
“Neoliberalniy apokalipsis: dengi, energiya, informatsiya, chelovek” [The Neoliberal Apocalypse: Money, Energy, Information, Human] (2019). Izborskiy klub. Issue 7: 124–141.
Panarin, Alexander (2001). “Opasnosti i riski globalizatsii” [Dangers and Risks of Globalization]. Nash sovremennik. Vol. 1: 166–190. https://dlib.eastview.com/ browse/doc/3481910
Panarin, Alexander (2003). Iskusheniye globalizmom. [The Temptation of Globalism] Мoscow: Izd-vo Eksmo.
Panarin, Alexander (2014). Pravoslavnaya tsivilizatsiya [The Orthodox Civilization] Мoscow: Institut Russkoy Tsivilizatsii.
Panov, Yevgeniy (2006). “Mifologiya v etologii” [Mythology in ethology]. Ethology.ru. http://ethology.ru/library/?id=205
Petrova, Natalya (2010). “Evolutsiya ponyatiya ‘pretsedentniy tekst’” [The Evolution of the Concept of ‘Precedent Text’] Vestnik IGLU. Vol 10.2: 176–182.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2012). K nam yedet Peresvet [Peresvet is Coming to Us] Мoscow: Astrel.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2013). “Glubzhe kornivyshe derevo. Tekst vystupleniya na konferentsiyi ‘Natsional-bolshevizm v XXI veke’ (2004)”. [The Deeper the Roots – the Higher the Tree. Text of talk given at the conference ‘National-bolshevism in the XXI Century, 2004]. https://hullam-del-ray.livejournal.com/1367739.html
Prilepin, Zakhar (2015). Ne chuzhaya smuta. Odin den – odin god. [Non-alien Unrest.One day – One Year]. Мoscow: Izd-vо АSТ.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016а). Vse, chto dolzhno razreshitsya...: khronika idushchey voyny [Everything that Must Be Resolved...: A Chronicle of the Ongoing War]. Мoscow: Izd-vо АSТ.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016б). “Deprivatizatsiya Borisa Nikolayevicha” [The Deprivatization of Boris Nikolayevich]. Russia today website.
https://russian.rt.com/opinion/302826-deprivatizaciya-borisa-nikolaevicha
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016в). “Pismo iz provintsii luchshim lyudyam” [A Letter from the Province to the Best People] Newsland.
https://newsland.com/community/6535/content/pismo-iz-provintsii-luchshim-liudiam/5176636
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016г). “Leviy marsh” [The Left March]. “Svobodnaya pressa” website. https://svpressa.ru/politic/article/151818/
Prilepin: o evreyakh, Putine i novoy konstitutsii [Prilepin: on Jews, Putin and the New Constitution] (2020). Interview given to Kseniya Sobchak.
https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=fFKqLP6M7Ug
Programmnaya rech Zakhara Prilepina na uchreditelnom syeyde partizi ZA PRAV- DU [Zakhar Prilepin’s programmatic speecht at the inaugural congress of the party FOR TRUTH] (2020). FOR TRUTH movement website. https://zapravdu. org/2020/02/05/programmnaya-rech-zaxara-prilepina-na-uchreditelnom-sezde- partii-za-pravdu/
Rabotyazhev, Nikolay (2013). “Rossiyskaya natsionalnaya identichnost v zerkale sovremennogo otechestvennogo konservatizma” [Russian National Identity in the Mirror of Contmporary Russian Conservatism]. Politiya. Vol. 70.3: 62–84.
Raku, Marina (2014). Мuzykalnaya klassika v mifotvorchsetve sovetskoy epokhi [The Role of Musical Classics in the Myth-building of the Soviet Era] Мoscow: Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye.
Remizov, Mikhail (2006). “Konservatizm” [Conservatism]. In Myslyashchaya Rossiya. Kartografiya sovremennykh intellektualnykh napravleniy [Thinking Russia. A Cartography of Contemporary Intellectual Currents]. Ed. V. Kurennoy. Moscow: Nekommercheskiy fond “Naslediye Evraziyi”: 117–140.
Rivkin-Fish, Michele (2009). «Tracing Landscapes of the Past in Class Subjectivity: Practices of Memory and Distinction in Marketizing Russia». American Ethnologist . Vol. 36.1: 79–95.
Rossiya obrechena na razval? Sergey Kara-Murza u Zakhara Prilepina [Russia is Doomed to Ruin? Sergey Kara-Murza talks to Zakhar Prilepin] ТV channel “Dozhd”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vftIYRQItg
Sadulayev, German (2008). “Chelovekonenavistnicheskaya ideologiya elit stala, nakonets, temoy shirokogo obsuzhdeniya” [The Misanthropic Ideology of the Elites Finally Becomes a Topic of Broad Discussion]. APN North-West website. http://www.apn-spb.ru/opinions/article4341.htm
Sahlins, Marshall D. (1976). The Use and Abuse of Biology: An Anthropological Critique of Sociobiology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Satdinova, Nailya (1982). “Sotsiobiologiya – ‘za’ i ‘protiv’” [Sociobiology – Pros and Cons]. Voprosy filosofii. Vol. 3: 129–136.
Savelyev, Аndrey (2005). “Strategicheskaya politologiya Alexandra Panarina: razmyshleniya nad knigoy A. S. Panarina ‘Strategicheskaya nestabilnost v XXI veke” [The Strategic Political Thought of Alexander Panarin: Ruminations on the Book of A. S. Panarin ‘Strategic Instability in the XXI Century]. Moskva. Vol. 9: 175–192.
Sergey Kara-Murza: “Noviy sovetskiy proyekt” [Sergei Kara-Murza: “The New Soviet Project”] (2005). Rosbalt, 3 февраля. https://www.rosbalt.ru/ main/2005/02/03/194460.html
Shchipkov, Alexander (2015). Тraditsionalizm, liberalizm i neonatsizm v prostranstve aktualnoy politiki [Traditionalism, Liberalism and Neonazism in the Space of Current Politics]. Saint Petersburg: Aleteia.
Siniy fil 158 (2016). Spetsvypusk: “Sobachye serdtse” [Special episode: “Heart of a Dog”]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lh7MeIu26Gg
“Slabiye protiv Silnykh. Posledneye intervyu russkogo filosofa Alexandra Panarina” [The Weak Against the Strong. The Last Interview of the Russian Philosopher Alexander Panarin] (2013). https://imhotype.livejournal.com/196094.html
Sotsialnyi darvinizm [Social Darwinism] (1983). Filosovskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slo- var [The Philosophical Encyclopedical Dictionary]. Eds. L.F. Ilyichev, P.N. Fedo- seev, S.M. Kovalyov, V.G. Panov. Мoscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya: 638–639.
Sotsialnyi darvinizm [Social Darwinism] (2014). Program “Obreteniye smyslov” [Find- ing Meanings]. Ep. 124. Tsentr Sulashkina (Tsentr nauchnoy politicheskoy mysli i ideologii). http://rusrand.ru/tv/meaning/sotsialnyj-rasizm
Tsipko, Alexander (1991). “Mozhno li izmenit prirody cheloveka?” [Can One Change the Nature of a Man?] In Osvobozhdeniye dukha [Liberation of the Spirit]. Eds. A.A. Guseinov, V.I. Tolstykh. Мoscow: Politizdat: 73–90.
Tsigankov, Andrey (2013). “Alexander Panarin kak zerkalo russkoy revolutsii” [Alexander Panarin as a Mirror of the Russian Revolution] Ideologiya i politika / The
Ideology and Politics Journal. Vol. 3.1: 4–36.
Todes, Daniel P. (1987). «Darwin’s Malthusian Metaphor and Russian Evolutionary Thought, 1859–1917». Isis. Vol. 78 (294): 537–551.
Todes, Daniel P. (1989). Darwin without Malthus: The Struggle for Existence in Russian Evolutionary Thought. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tyurin, Alexander (2019). “Liberalizm – ideologiya diktatury zapadnogo kapitala” [Liberalism is the Ideology of the Dictatorship of Western Capital]. Personal blog of A. Tyurin on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. . https://zavtra.ru/blogs/mirazhi_i_sushnosti_liberalizma
Vasilik, Vladimir Deac. (2014). “Tak u kogo zhe sobachye serdtse?” [Who, After All, Has a Heart of a Dog?] Pravoslavie.ru website. https://pravoslavie.ru/74964.html
Vogt, Markus (1997). Sozialdarwinismus. Wissenschaftstheorie, politische und theologisch-ethische Aspekte der Evolutionstheorie. Freiburg: Herder.
Voyevodina, Таtiana (2018). “Istoriya, kotoroy...ne bylo” [The History which...was not]. Personal blog of T. Voyevodina on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. https://zavtra.ru/blogs/istoriya_kotoroj_ne_bilo
Votanin, Igor (2008). “Rossiya: luzeram predlozheno vymirat” [Russia: Losers Are Invited to Die]. Newsland.
https://newsland.com/user/4296648095/content/rossiia-luzeram-predlozheno-vymirat/3894941
Vucinich, Alexander (1988). Darwin in Russian Thought. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Weikart, Richard (2009). «Was Darwin or Spencer the Father of Laissez-Faire Social Darwinism?» Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Vol. 71: 20–28.
Weingart, Peter (2000). «“Struggle for Existence”: Selection, Retention and Extinction of a Metaphor». Metaphors and the Dynamics of Knowledge. Ed. by S. Maasen and P. Weingart. London: Routledge: 41–62.
Wernecke, Alexander (1976). Biologismus und ideologischer Klassenkampf. Berlin: Dietz.
“Yegor Gaidar” (2020). Polit.ru. https://polit.ru/news/2020/03/19/gaidar/
Young, Robert M. (1985). Darwin’s Metaphor: Nature’s Place in Victorian Culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zadachi v oblasti morali [Problems in the Domain of Morality] (2005). Interview with head of Alfa-Bank, Pyort Aven. Ogonyok. Vol. 10: 14.
Zakhar vs «Zakhar» (2015). A conversation between Roman Bogoslovskiy and Alexey Kolobrodov about the book “Zakhar” and Zakhar Prilepin. “Svobodnaya Press”
website. https://svpressa.ru/culture/article/126709/
Zwolinski, Matt (2013). «William Graham Sumner». Part 1. Laissez-Faire and Social Darwinism. Libertarianism.org.
https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-1-laissez-faire-social-darwinism
Zwolinski, Matt (2015). «Social Darwinism and Social Justice: Herbert Spencer on Our Duties to the Poor». Distributive Justice Debates in Social and Political Thought: Perspectives on Finding a Fair Share, ed. Camilla Boisen, Matthew Murray, 56–76. New York: Routledge.
Arendt, Hannah (2017). The Origins of Totalitarism. London: Penguin Books.
Аvеn, Pyotr (2008). “Sochineniye po motivam romana” [Essay afer a novel]. Russkiy pioner, 15 October, 2008.
https://zaharprilepin.ru/ru/pressa/aven-protiv-prilepina/russkij-pioner-petr-aven.html
Bagdasaryan, Vardan (2019). “Liberal-ontologiya i liberal-antropologiya” [Liberal Ontology and Liberal Anthropology] Izborskiy klub. Vol. 7: 74–83.
Bannister, Robert C. (1979). Social Darwinism. Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Bessonov, Boris (1987). “Opasnost neofashizma” [The Danger of Neofascism]. Nauchniy kommunizm. Vol. 89.5: 94–103.
Bikbov, Alexander (2014). Grammatika poryadka: Istoricheskaya sotsiologiya ponyatiy, kotoriye menyayut nashu realnost [The Grammar of the Order: A Historical Sociology of the Concepts which Change Our Reality]. Мoscow: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly economiki.
Brown, Wendy (2015). Undoing the Demos. Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. New York: Zone Books.
“‘Chelovek s rublyom’: kniga, kotoriyu ne pisal Khodorkovskiy” [The Man with the Rouble: The Book Khodorkovskiy Did not Write] (2018). https://openuni.io/course/3/lesson/11/material/394/
Chetverikova, Olga (2013). “Diktatura ‘prosveshchennykh’. O dukovnykh kornyakh i tselyakh transgumanizma.” [The Dictatorship of the ‘Enlightened’. On the Spiritual Roots and Goals of Transhumanism]. Parts 3-4. Informatsionno-analiticheskaya sluzhba “Russkaya narodnaya liniya”. https://ruskline.ru/analitika/2013/10/24/ diktatura_prosvewyonnyh/
Clark, Linda L. (1984). Social Darwinism in France. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Danilevskiy, Nikolay (1885). Darvinizm. Kriticheskoye issledovaniye. [Darwinism. Crit- ical Study]. Vol. 1. Part 2. Saint Petersburg: M.E. Komarov.
Degler, Karl N. (1991). In Search of Human Nature. The Decline and Revival of Darwinism in American Social Thought. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Delyagin, Mikhail (2019). Svetochi tmi. Fiziologiya liberalnogo klana: ot Gaidara i Berezovskogo do Sobchak i Navalnogo. [The Beacons of Darkness. The Physiology of the Liberal Clan: from Gaydar and Berezovsky to Sobchak and Navalny] Мoscow: Institut problem globalizatsii, Knizhniy mir.
Dolnik, Viktor (2009). Neposlushnoye ditya biosfery: Besedy o cheloveke v kompanii ptits i zverey. [The Disobedent Child of the Biosphere: Conversations about the Human in the Company of Birds and Beasts] Saint Petersburg: Petroglif.
Dyukov, Alexander (2016). “‘Sobachye serdtse’, ili Koe-chto o fashizatsiyi soznaniya”. [‘Heart of a Dog’, or Something about the Fascization of Consciousness]. Webpage, “Sotsialniy kompas”. http://www.socialcompas.com/2016/05/17/sobache-serd- tse-ili-koe-chto-o-fashizatsii-soznaniya/
Dzhagalov, Rossen (2011). “Antipopulizm postsotsialisticheskoy intelligentsii” [The Anti-populism of Post-socialist Intelligentsiya]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 1: 134–153.
Editorial team of the “Zavtra” newspaper (2019). “Sergeyu Kara-Murze – 80” [Sergey Kara-Murza turns 80]. “Zavtra” newspaper website. 23 January. https://zavtra.ru/events/sergeyu_kara-murze_80
Engels, Friedrich (1936). “Engels and Darwin – Letter to Lavrov”. Labour Monthly, July 1936: 437-442.
Engström, Maria (2018). «Against the New Middle Ages: Imperial Remodernism in Contemporary Russian Visual Culture». Идеология и политика / Iдеологiя i полiтика / The Ideology and Politics Journal. Vol. 9.1: 135–153.
Fursov, Andrey (2018). “Vodorazdel. Neoburzhuaziya, ili Vsadniki kapitalisticheskogo apokalipsisa” [Watershed. Neobourgeoisie, or the Riders of the Capitalist Apocalypse]. Personal blog of A. Fursov on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. https://zavtra. ru/blogs/vodorazdel_neoburzhuaziya_ili_vsadniki_kapitalisticheskogo_apokalipsisa
Hawkins, Mike (1997). Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945: Nature as Model and Nature as Threat. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hodgson, Geoffrey M. (2004). «Social Darwinism in Anglophone Academic Journals: A Contribution to the History of the Term». Journal of Historical Sociology. Vol. 17.4: 428–463.
Hofstadter, Richard (1955). Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915. Boston: Beacon Press.
Hollitscher, Walter (1970) Aggression im Menschenbild Marx, Freud, Lorenz Frankfurt/Main: Marxistische Blätter.
Howell, Yvonne (2010). «The Liberal Gene: Sociobiology as Emancipatory Discourse in the Late Soviet Union». Slavic Review. Vol. 69.2: 356–376.
Gelman, Moisey (2000). “Privatizatsiya i razvitiye banditskogo kapitalizma v Rossii” [Privatization and the Development of Criminal Capitalism in Russia]. Promyshlenniye vedomosti, December. https://www.promved.ru/book/?id=79
Gutsko, Denis (2008). “Imitatsiya spravedlivosti” [An Imitation of Justice”]. Ogonyok. Vol. 47: 12.
Ideologiya darvinizma i yeyo vozdeystviye na nauku, obrazovaniye i obshchestvo [The Ideology of Darwinism and Its Effect on Science, Education and Society] (2010). International conference proceedings, ed. S. Golovin. Simferopol: DIAYPI.
Ignatyev, Viktor (1984). Мarksistsko-leninskoye ucheniye o cheloveke i kritika metodologii sovremennogo sotsialbiologizma. PhD dissertation. Мoscow: Institut filosofii AN SSSR.
Ilyukhin, Viktor (2007). Оtkrovenniy razgovor s Rossiyey [A Frank Conversation with Russia]. Мoscow: [b. i.].
Interview with Anatoliy Chubais in talk-show “Pozner” (2008). https://www.rusnano.com/about/press-centre/first-person/76133
Ivanov, Yuriy (2016). “Darvinizm kak ideologiya fashizma” [Darwinism as the Ideology of Fascism]. Personal blog of Y. Ivanov on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. https://zavtra.ru/blogs/darvinizm_kak_ideologiya_fashizma
Kalinin, Ilya (2017). “O tom, kak nekulturnoye gosudarstvo obygralo kulturnuyu oppozitsiyu na yeyo zhe pole, ili Pochemu ‘dve Rossii’ menshe, chem ‘yedinaya Rossiya’” [On how the Non-cultural Defeated the Cultural Opposition on its Own Field, or Why ‘Two Russias’ are Less than ‘United Russia’]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 4: 261–282.
Kapustin, Boris (1996). “Leviy konservatizm KPRF” [Left Conservatism of the CPRF]. Nezavisimaya gazeta, March, issue 5: 5.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2002). Yevrotsentrizm – edipov kompleks intelligentsii [Eurocentrism is the Oedipal Complex of Intelligentsia] Мoscow: Аlgoritm.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2005). Manipulyatsiya soznaniyem. [Manipulating Consciousness]. Moscow: Eksmo.
Kara-Murza, Sergey, Sergey Batchikov (2006). Neoliberalnaya reforma v Rossii [Neoliberal Reform in Russia]. http://www.kara-murza.ru/referat/Neoliberal/dokladRus003.html
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2007). Demontazh naroda [Dismantling the Nation]. Moscow: Algoritm.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2008). Sovetskaya tsivilizatsiya: ot nachala do nashikh dney [Soviet Civilization: From the Beginning to Our Time]. Moscow: Algoritm.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2014). Mezhdu ideologiyey i naukoy [Between Ideology and Sci- ence]. Moscow: Nauchniy ekspert.
Kara-Murza, Sergey (2016). “Sotsialniy rasizm i rusofobiya” [Classicm and Russophobia]. In Krepostnaya Rossiya. Murost naroda ili proizvol vlasti? [Serf Russia: Popular Wisdom or Arbitrary Power]. Moscow: Algoritm.
Karimskiy, Anur (1984). Sotsialniy biologizm: priroda i ideologicheskaya napravlennost [Social Biologism: Nature and Ideological Direction]. Moscow: Mysl.
Karpinskaya, Regina, Sergei Nikolskiy (1988). Sotsiobiologiya. Kriticheskiy analiz. [Sociobiology. Critical Analysis]. Мoscow: Mysl.
Katasonov, Valentin (2017). Lzheproroki poslednikh vremyon. Darvinizm i nauka kak religiya. [False Prophets of the End Times. Darwinism and Science as Religion]. Мoscow: ID “Kislorod”.
Kaye, Howard L. (1986). The Social Meaning of Modern Biology. From Social Darwinism to Sociobiology. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kelly, Alfred H. (1981). The Descent of Darwin: The Popularization of Darwinism in Germany, 1860–1914. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Khodorkovskiy, Mikhail, Leonid Nevzlin (1992). Chelovek s rublyom [The Man with the Rouble]. Мoscow: Menatep-Inform.
Kobylin, Igor (2017). “‘Provintsializatsiya’ revolutsii: tsivilizatsionniy podkhod na postkolonialnom povorote” [The ‘Provincializtion’ of Revolution: a Civilizational
Approach at the Postcolonial Turn]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 115.5: 97–111. Kolchinskiy, Eduard (2014). Yedinstvo evolutsionniy teorii v razdelyonnom mire XX veka [The Unity of Evolutionary Theory in the Divided World of the XX Century]. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.
Kolobrodov, Alexey (2015). Zakhar [Zakhar]. Мoscow: Redaktsiya Eleny Shubinoy. Krementsov, Nikolai (2010). «Darwinism, Marxism, and Genetics in the Soviet Union». Biology and Ideology from Descartes to Dawkins. Ed. by D. Alexander and R.L. Numbers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 215–246.
Krementsov, Nikolai (2011). «From “Beastly Philosophy” to Medical Genetics: Eugenics in Russia and the Soviet Union». Annals of Science. Vol. 68.1: 61–92.
Kritika ideologii neofashizma [A Critique of the Ideology of Neofascism] (1976). Ed. E. D. Modrzhinskaya. Мoscow: Мysl.
Kurennoy, Vitaliy (2008). “Nezaklyuchenniy obshchestvenniy dogovor. Aven vs. Prilepin kak simptom nezakonchennoy grazhdanskoy voyny” [An Unmade Social Contract. Aven vs. Prilepin as a Symptom of Unfinished Civil War]. Site “Chastniy korrespondent”. http://www.chaskor.ru/article/nezaklyuchennyj_obshchestvennyj_dogovor_1252
Leonard, Thomas C. (2009). «Origins of the Myth of Social Darwinism: The Ambiguous Legacy of Richard Hofstadter’s Social Darwinism in American Thought». Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Vol 71: 37–51.
Lewontin, Richard C., Rose, Steve, Kamin, Leon J. (1984). Not in Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. New York: Pantheon Books.
Limonov, Eduard (2003). Russkoye psikho [Russuan psycho]. Yekaterinburg: Ultra-Kultura.
Limonov, Eduard (2013). “Kseniya Sobchak prezirayet bednykh” [Kseniya Sobchak Despises the Poor].
https://newsland.com/user/4295039020/content/eduard-limonov-kseniia-sobchak-preziraet-bednykh/4516195
Lipovetskiy, Маrk (2012). “Politicheskaya Motorika Zakhara Prilepina” [The Political Motorics of Zakhar Prilenpin]. Znamya. Vol 10: 167–183.
Lipovetskiy, Mark (2018). “Psevdomorfoza: Reaktsionniy postmodernizm kak problema” [Pseudomorphosis: Reactionary Postmodernism as a Problmem.] Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye 151.3: 223–245.
Magun, Artemiy (2010). “Perestroyka kak konservativnaya revolutsiya?” [The Perestroika as a Conservative Revolution?]. Neprikosnovenniy zapas. Vol. 74.6: 231–249.
Malinova, Olga (2017). “Konstruirovaniye ‘liberalizma v postsovetskoy Rossii. Nasle- diye 1990-kh v ideologicheskikh bitvan 2000-kh” [Constructing ‘Liberalism’ in Post-Soviet Russia. The Legacy of the 1990s in the Ideological Battles of the 2000s]. Politiya. Vol. 84.1: 6–28.
Mannheim, Karl (1954). Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., Inc.; London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Mantikov, Bagauddin (2012). “Konservatizm v postsovetskoy Rossii: mezhdu nostalgiyey i utopiyey” [Conservatism in Post-Soviet Russia: Between Nostalgia and Utopia] Politiya. Vol. 64.1: 33–54.
Martyshin, Dionisiy Archprsb. (2010). “Vybor puti: Russkiy mir ili dzhungli sotsial-darvinizma” [Choice of the Path: The Russian World or the Jungle of Social Darwinism]. Informatsionno-analiticheskaya sluzhba “Russkaya narodnaya liniya”. http://ruskline.ru/analitika/2010/02/25/vybor_puti_russkij_mir_ili_dzhungli_socialdarvinizma/
Matveyev, Ilya (2014). “‘Dve Rossii”: kulturnaya voyna i konstruirovaniye ‘naroda’ v khode protestov 2011–2013 godov». [‘Two Russias’: the Cultural War and the Construction of the ‘Public’ in the Course of the Protests between 2011-2013]. In Politika apolitichnykh: grazhdanskiye dvizeniya v Rossii 2011-2013 godov. [Politics of the Apolitical: Civil Movements in Russia Around 2011-2013]. Ed. S. Yerpyleva, A. Magun. Мoscow: Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye: 292–310.
“Neoliberalniy apokalipsis: dengi, energiya, informatsiya, chelovek” [The Neoliberal Apocalypse: Money, Energy, Information, Human] (2019). Izborskiy klub. Issue 7: 124–141.
Panarin, Alexander (2001). “Opasnosti i riski globalizatsii” [Dangers and Risks of Globalization]. Nash sovremennik. Vol. 1: 166–190. https://dlib.eastview.com/ browse/doc/3481910
Panarin, Alexander (2003). Iskusheniye globalizmom. [The Temptation of Globalism] Мoscow: Izd-vo Eksmo.
Panarin, Alexander (2014). Pravoslavnaya tsivilizatsiya [The Orthodox Civilization] Мoscow: Institut Russkoy Tsivilizatsii.
Panov, Yevgeniy (2006). “Mifologiya v etologii” [Mythology in ethology]. Ethology.ru. http://ethology.ru/library/?id=205
Petrova, Natalya (2010). “Evolutsiya ponyatiya ‘pretsedentniy tekst’” [The Evolution of the Concept of ‘Precedent Text’] Vestnik IGLU. Vol 10.2: 176–182.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2012). K nam yedet Peresvet [Peresvet is Coming to Us] Мoscow: Astrel.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2013). “Glubzhe kornivyshe derevo. Tekst vystupleniya na konferentsiyi ‘Natsional-bolshevizm v XXI veke’ (2004)”. [The Deeper the Roots – the Higher the Tree. Text of talk given at the conference ‘National-bolshevism in the XXI Century, 2004]. https://hullam-del-ray.livejournal.com/1367739.html
Prilepin, Zakhar (2015). Ne chuzhaya smuta. Odin den – odin god. [Non-alien Unrest.One day – One Year]. Мoscow: Izd-vо АSТ.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016а). Vse, chto dolzhno razreshitsya...: khronika idushchey voyny [Everything that Must Be Resolved...: A Chronicle of the Ongoing War]. Мoscow: Izd-vо АSТ.
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016б). “Deprivatizatsiya Borisa Nikolayevicha” [The Deprivatization of Boris Nikolayevich]. Russia today website.
https://russian.rt.com/opinion/302826-deprivatizaciya-borisa-nikolaevicha
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016в). “Pismo iz provintsii luchshim lyudyam” [A Letter from the Province to the Best People] Newsland.
https://newsland.com/community/6535/content/pismo-iz-provintsii-luchshim-liudiam/5176636
Prilepin, Zakhar (2016г). “Leviy marsh” [The Left March]. “Svobodnaya pressa” website. https://svpressa.ru/politic/article/151818/
Prilepin: o evreyakh, Putine i novoy konstitutsii [Prilepin: on Jews, Putin and the New Constitution] (2020). Interview given to Kseniya Sobchak.
https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=fFKqLP6M7Ug
Programmnaya rech Zakhara Prilepina na uchreditelnom syeyde partizi ZA PRAV- DU [Zakhar Prilepin’s programmatic speecht at the inaugural congress of the party FOR TRUTH] (2020). FOR TRUTH movement website. https://zapravdu. org/2020/02/05/programmnaya-rech-zaxara-prilepina-na-uchreditelnom-sezde- partii-za-pravdu/
Rabotyazhev, Nikolay (2013). “Rossiyskaya natsionalnaya identichnost v zerkale sovremennogo otechestvennogo konservatizma” [Russian National Identity in the Mirror of Contmporary Russian Conservatism]. Politiya. Vol. 70.3: 62–84.
Raku, Marina (2014). Мuzykalnaya klassika v mifotvorchsetve sovetskoy epokhi [The Role of Musical Classics in the Myth-building of the Soviet Era] Мoscow: Novoye Literaturnoye Obozreniye.
Remizov, Mikhail (2006). “Konservatizm” [Conservatism]. In Myslyashchaya Rossiya. Kartografiya sovremennykh intellektualnykh napravleniy [Thinking Russia. A Cartography of Contemporary Intellectual Currents]. Ed. V. Kurennoy. Moscow: Nekommercheskiy fond “Naslediye Evraziyi”: 117–140.
Rivkin-Fish, Michele (2009). «Tracing Landscapes of the Past in Class Subjectivity: Practices of Memory and Distinction in Marketizing Russia». American Ethnologist . Vol. 36.1: 79–95.
Rossiya obrechena na razval? Sergey Kara-Murza u Zakhara Prilepina [Russia is Doomed to Ruin? Sergey Kara-Murza talks to Zakhar Prilepin] ТV channel “Dozhd”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vftIYRQItg
Sadulayev, German (2008). “Chelovekonenavistnicheskaya ideologiya elit stala, nakonets, temoy shirokogo obsuzhdeniya” [The Misanthropic Ideology of the Elites Finally Becomes a Topic of Broad Discussion]. APN North-West website. http://www.apn-spb.ru/opinions/article4341.htm
Sahlins, Marshall D. (1976). The Use and Abuse of Biology: An Anthropological Critique of Sociobiology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Satdinova, Nailya (1982). “Sotsiobiologiya – ‘za’ i ‘protiv’” [Sociobiology – Pros and Cons]. Voprosy filosofii. Vol. 3: 129–136.
Savelyev, Аndrey (2005). “Strategicheskaya politologiya Alexandra Panarina: razmyshleniya nad knigoy A. S. Panarina ‘Strategicheskaya nestabilnost v XXI veke” [The Strategic Political Thought of Alexander Panarin: Ruminations on the Book of A. S. Panarin ‘Strategic Instability in the XXI Century]. Moskva. Vol. 9: 175–192.
Sergey Kara-Murza: “Noviy sovetskiy proyekt” [Sergei Kara-Murza: “The New Soviet Project”] (2005). Rosbalt, 3 февраля. https://www.rosbalt.ru/ main/2005/02/03/194460.html
Shchipkov, Alexander (2015). Тraditsionalizm, liberalizm i neonatsizm v prostranstve aktualnoy politiki [Traditionalism, Liberalism and Neonazism in the Space of Current Politics]. Saint Petersburg: Aleteia.
Siniy fil 158 (2016). Spetsvypusk: “Sobachye serdtse” [Special episode: “Heart of a Dog”]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lh7MeIu26Gg
“Slabiye protiv Silnykh. Posledneye intervyu russkogo filosofa Alexandra Panarina” [The Weak Against the Strong. The Last Interview of the Russian Philosopher Alexander Panarin] (2013). https://imhotype.livejournal.com/196094.html
Sotsialnyi darvinizm [Social Darwinism] (1983). Filosovskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slo- var [The Philosophical Encyclopedical Dictionary]. Eds. L.F. Ilyichev, P.N. Fedo- seev, S.M. Kovalyov, V.G. Panov. Мoscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya: 638–639.
Sotsialnyi darvinizm [Social Darwinism] (2014). Program “Obreteniye smyslov” [Find- ing Meanings]. Ep. 124. Tsentr Sulashkina (Tsentr nauchnoy politicheskoy mysli i ideologii). http://rusrand.ru/tv/meaning/sotsialnyj-rasizm
Tsipko, Alexander (1991). “Mozhno li izmenit prirody cheloveka?” [Can One Change the Nature of a Man?] In Osvobozhdeniye dukha [Liberation of the Spirit]. Eds. A.A. Guseinov, V.I. Tolstykh. Мoscow: Politizdat: 73–90.
Tsigankov, Andrey (2013). “Alexander Panarin kak zerkalo russkoy revolutsii” [Alexander Panarin as a Mirror of the Russian Revolution] Ideologiya i politika / The
Ideology and Politics Journal. Vol. 3.1: 4–36.
Todes, Daniel P. (1987). «Darwin’s Malthusian Metaphor and Russian Evolutionary Thought, 1859–1917». Isis. Vol. 78 (294): 537–551.
Todes, Daniel P. (1989). Darwin without Malthus: The Struggle for Existence in Russian Evolutionary Thought. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tyurin, Alexander (2019). “Liberalizm – ideologiya diktatury zapadnogo kapitala” [Liberalism is the Ideology of the Dictatorship of Western Capital]. Personal blog of A. Tyurin on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. . https://zavtra.ru/blogs/mirazhi_i_sushnosti_liberalizma
Vasilik, Vladimir Deac. (2014). “Tak u kogo zhe sobachye serdtse?” [Who, After All, Has a Heart of a Dog?] Pravoslavie.ru website. https://pravoslavie.ru/74964.html
Vogt, Markus (1997). Sozialdarwinismus. Wissenschaftstheorie, politische und theologisch-ethische Aspekte der Evolutionstheorie. Freiburg: Herder.
Voyevodina, Таtiana (2018). “Istoriya, kotoroy...ne bylo” [The History which...was not]. Personal blog of T. Voyevodina on the website of “Zavtra” newspaper. https://zavtra.ru/blogs/istoriya_kotoroj_ne_bilo
Votanin, Igor (2008). “Rossiya: luzeram predlozheno vymirat” [Russia: Losers Are Invited to Die]. Newsland.
https://newsland.com/user/4296648095/content/rossiia-luzeram-predlozheno-vymirat/3894941
Vucinich, Alexander (1988). Darwin in Russian Thought. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Weikart, Richard (2009). «Was Darwin or Spencer the Father of Laissez-Faire Social Darwinism?» Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Vol. 71: 20–28.
Weingart, Peter (2000). «“Struggle for Existence”: Selection, Retention and Extinction of a Metaphor». Metaphors and the Dynamics of Knowledge. Ed. by S. Maasen and P. Weingart. London: Routledge: 41–62.
Wernecke, Alexander (1976). Biologismus und ideologischer Klassenkampf. Berlin: Dietz.
“Yegor Gaidar” (2020). Polit.ru. https://polit.ru/news/2020/03/19/gaidar/
Young, Robert M. (1985). Darwin’s Metaphor: Nature’s Place in Victorian Culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zadachi v oblasti morali [Problems in the Domain of Morality] (2005). Interview with head of Alfa-Bank, Pyort Aven. Ogonyok. Vol. 10: 14.
Zakhar vs «Zakhar» (2015). A conversation between Roman Bogoslovskiy and Alexey Kolobrodov about the book “Zakhar” and Zakhar Prilepin. “Svobodnaya Press”
website. https://svpressa.ru/culture/article/126709/
Zwolinski, Matt (2013). «William Graham Sumner». Part 1. Laissez-Faire and Social Darwinism. Libertarianism.org.
https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-1-laissez-faire-social-darwinism
Zwolinski, Matt (2015). «Social Darwinism and Social Justice: Herbert Spencer on Our Duties to the Poor». Distributive Justice Debates in Social and Political Thought: Perspectives on Finding a Fair Share, ed. Camilla Boisen, Matthew Murray, 56–76. New York: Routledge.
Опубликован
2021-01-20
Как цитировать
Разувалова, А. (2021). «Философия социал-дарвинизма. она не устарела»: консервативная критика либерального «социал-дарвинизма» (2000-е годы). Stasis, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.33280/2310-3817-21-10-2-102-155
Раздел
Статьи
Copyright (c) 2020 Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
